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AI Chatbots struggle to detect AI-generated videos – Report

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LEADING artificial intelligence chatbots, including OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and xAI’s Grok, are largely unable to identify AI-generated videos, according to a new report by media watchdog NewsGuard.

The report, published on January 22, shows that the chatbots failed to recognise videos created using OpenAI’s text-to-video tool, Sora, in between 78 and 95 per cent of cases, raising concerns about the reliability of AI tools for verifying visual content online.

NewsGuard tested the three chatbots using 20 videos generated by Sora and based on provably false claims drawn from its False Claims Fingerprints database. The videos were assessed both with and without visible watermarks, using prompts such as “Is this real?” and “Is this AI-generated?”

READ : Top AI chatbots can be easily manipulated to spread health disinformation – Report

According to the report, Grok failed to identify non-watermarked Sora videos as AI-generated in 95 per cent of tests, while ChatGPT failed 92.5 per cent of the time and Gemini failed 78 per cent of the time. The results were particularly notable for ChatGPT, given that both are products of OpenAI.

NewsGuard said OpenAI did not respond to questions about why ChatGPT struggled to recognise videos generated by its own technology.

While Sora videos are watermarked by default, NewsGuard noted that the safeguards are easily bypassed. Shortly after Sora’s launch in February 2025, several third-party tools emerged offering free watermark removal services. NewsGuard used one such tool to remove watermarks before testing the videos.

Even when watermarks were present, the chatbots were not fully reliable. Grok failed to identify watermarked Sora videos as AI-generated 30 per cent of the time, while ChatGPT failed in 7.5 per cent of cases. Gemini correctly identified all watermarked videos during the tests.

In several instances, the chatbots confidently vouched for fabricated videos. NewsGuard cited an example in which ChatGPT and Gemini described a fake Sora video purporting to show a U.S. immigration agent arresting a six-year-old child as consistent with real news events. In another case, all three chatbots endorsed the authenticity of a fake video allegedly showing a Delta Air Lines employee ejecting a passenger for wearing a political hat.

The report also found that the AI tools rarely disclosed their limitations to users. ChatGPT acknowledged its inability to detect AI-generated content in just 2.5 per cent of tests, while Gemini and Grok did so in 10 per cent and 13 per cent, respectively. Instead, the models frequently gave confident but incorrect assessments.

In response to NewsGuard’s inquiry, OpenAI’s Head of Products and Applications Communications, Niko Felix, confirmed that “ChatGPT cannot determine whether content is AI-generated,” but did not explain why this limitation is not consistently communicated to users.

Google said Gemini’s verification tools currently apply only to content generated using Google’s own AI systems. “We’ve only announced verification for content generated with Google AI for now,” Gemini Communications Manager Elijah Lawal told News Guard.

NewsGuard warned that the findings highlight a growing risk as AI-generated videos become increasingly realistic and widely shared online, particularly during elections, conflicts, and breaking news events. The organisation noted that reliance on chatbots for content verification could unintentionally amplify misinformation rather than curb it.

Video does not show Tinubu shaking hands with Super Eagles after 2025 AFCON

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A video circulating on social media claims to show President Bola Tinubu congratulating the Super Eagles following their bronze medal victory at the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON).

The short clip shows Tinubu shaking hands with the players and taking group photographs with them and other dignitaries.

A verified X user @EnclaveHub posted the video on January 18 with the caption:

“President Bola Ahmed Tinubu congratulating Super Eagles on their bronze medal victory at the 2025 AFCON.”

READ : FACT CHECK: Are Shoprite supermarkets in Nigeria franchise outlets?

As of January 19, 2026. The post has generated over 232,000 views, 3,925 likes and 266 reposts.

CLAIM

Video shows President Bola Tinubu congratulating the Super Eagles player on the victory after the just-concluded AFCON tournament.

A screenshot of the of the post.
A screenshot of the of the post.

FINDINGS

Findings by The FactCheckHub show that the claim is MISLEADING.

The video is circulating shortly after the Super Eagles won the bronze medal at the 2025 AFCON, which concluded on January 18, 2026. However, the video is not connected.

A reverse image search conducted by The FactCheckHub revealed that the video was recorded years earlier, during a reception hosted by President Tinubu in February 2024 to honour the Super Eagles after winning a silver medal finish at the 2023 AFCON. An earlier version of the video was posted by photojournalist Olawale Quadry on February 13, 2024.

According to Arise News, President Tinubu hosted the team at the State House Council Chambers, Abuja, on Tuesday, February 13, 2024, where he praised their unity, determination, and resilience.

READ ALSO : Video does not show Osimhen reconciling with teammates after confrontation with Lookman

During the event, he conferred national honours on each player, decorating them with Member of the Order of the Niger (MON) lapel pins. He also announced the donation of a flat and a plot of land to each team member, with allocation forms distributed by the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike.

The video has no connection with the recent AFCON 2025 win by the Super Eagles.

VERDICT

The claim that the video shows President Tinubu congratulating the Super Eagles after the 2025 AFCON win is MISLEADING. The video predates the incident and was a reception held in honour of the team’s 2023 AFCON silver medal achievement.

How Switzerland and Nigeria compare on life expectancy

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ON January 15, 2026, an X user sparked a conversation after sharing a post about the serene view and the traffic-free state of a street in Frutigen, Switzerland, comparing the living conditions in Switzerland and Nigeria. In the post, he claimed that the life expectancy in Switzerland is way higher than the life expectancy in Nigeria.

This post generated conversation among users, with some questioning the accuracy of the claim. The X user @Emarged wrote:

“The life expectancy in Switzerland is 84.5 years, while the life expectancy in Nigeria is 54 years”

As of January 18, the post had generated 51,700 views, 1,798 likes and over 370 reposts.

CLAIM

The life expectancy in Switzerland is 84.5 years, while the life expectancy in Nigeria is 54 years.

A screenshot of the post on X.
A screenshot of the post on X.

FINDINGS

Findings by The FactCheckHub show that the claim is TRUE.

According to Britannica, life expectancy is the “estimated average number of additional years that a person of a given age can expect to live. The most common measure of life expectancy is life expectancy at birth. The estimate, in effect, projects the age-specific mortality (death) rates for a given period over the entire lifetime of the population born (or alive) during that time.

The measure differs considerably by sex, age, race, and geographic location. Therefore, life expectancy is commonly given for specific categories, rather than for the population in general.”

Britannica explains that “Life expectancy is calculated by constructing a life table. A life table incorporates data on age-specific death rates for the population in question, which requires enumeration data for the number of people and the number of deaths at each age for that population. Those numbers typically are derived from national census and vital statistics data, and from them the average life expectancy for each of the age groups within the population can be calculated.”

According to data published on Worldometer’s Life Expectancy by Country ranking (2025), Switzerland’s life expectancy is reported as 84.23 years, placing it among the top 5 countries globally while Nigeria ranked last on the list, with a life expectancy of 54.78 years, marking it the lowest in the world.

Switzerland’s high ranking is linked to several factors, including accessibility of the healthcare system, public health policies, national income, and a lifestyle that promotes physical activity and healthy living. Other contributing factors include low obesity rates, clean environmental conditions, and a diet rich in fresh and nutritious foods. These conditions support preventive care, education, and overall quality of life.

Nigeria’s low ranking reflects long-standing structural challenges, such as a heavy burden of infectious diseases, limited access to quality healthcare, and frequent industrial actions by health workers. Broader socio-economic issues, including widespread poverty, insecurity, malnutrition, and environmental degradation, continue to undermine health outcomes and reduce life expectancy across the country.

Similarly, World Bank Open Data (2023) reported Switzerland’s life expectancy at about 84 years, compared to 54 years for Nigeria.

These figures, despite minor variations across sources and years, consistently show that life expectancy in Switzerland is significantly higher than in Nigeria.

VERDICT

The claim that life expectancy in Switzerland is higher than life expectancy in Nigeria is TRUE according to publicly available records.

Photos of released Kogi kidnap victims not AI-generated

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ON January 14, an X user, @RealQueenBee_, posted pictures showing some malnourished young children and parents with a claim that they were victims released by kidnappers in Kogi State.

She posted the claim with a caption :

“MY HEART IS BLEEDING. Three have already died, 13 still in captivity, these are kidnnaped victims release today in Kogi State. The APC and Bola Tinubu would rather spend millions $m lobbying the United States that there’s no insecurity than using it secure Nigerians.”

However, a verified X user, @mariolexxx, quoted her post and claimed that the images were AI-generated.

“Make una stop to dey share AI pictures. Some mumu Nigerians won’t even bother to verify it but rather jump on the bandwagon,” the X user posted.

READ: Claim that Kogi is the poorest Nigerian state is FALSE!

As of January 17, 2026. His quote has generated over 9500 views and 83 likes.

CLAIM

Images claim malnourished individuals in and around a vehicle are AI-generated and not real victims of kidnapping in Kogi state.

FINDINGS

Findings by The FactCheckHub show that the claim is FALSE.

The ICIR reported that on Sunday, December 14, 2025, armed men on motorcycles attacked the Ayetoro-Kiri community in Kabba/Bunu LGA of Kogi State. They abducted at least 30 residents, mostly children and elderly worshippers. The attackers stormed homes and churches before fleeing through nearby forests.

On January 1, 2026, seven victims were released after negotiations and the payment of a ₦15 million ransom. Four were freed alive, while three were confirmed dead, which was two before their release and one after hospitalisation.

FactCheckHub analysed the images shared by the X user using Hive Moderation, an AI detection tool, and the results showed that they were unlikely to contain AI-generated or deepfake elements.

 

READ ALSO: No! Video does not show Dino Melaye fainted after Kogi governorship election

A Kogi – based platform, The Trumpet published the original photos and reported on the release of the 17 kidnapped victims, lending credibility to the images. AFRIKAEYES also reported the story with the exact images.

This shows that the images are not AI-generated. They are pictures of newly released victims from captivity.

VERDICT

The claim that the images of the kidnapped victims in the Ayetorokiri community are AI-generated is FALSE. They are authentic photographs of victims released after a kidnapping incident in Ayetoro-Kiri, Kogi state.

Old protest photos falsely misrepresented as recent calls for Netanyahu’s resignation

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SOME pictures circulating on social media claim to show Israelis protesting for the resignation of Israel’s Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu.

The pictures show a large number of protesters hoisting Israeli flags, photographs of hostages and banners on the street.

A verified X user @kamaalrkhan posted the pictures on January 11, 2026, with the caption:

“Today, Israeli people are on roads against @netanyahu! They want him to resign.”

As of January 14, 2026, the post had generated over 587,000 views, 3,000 reposts and more than 14,000 likes.

Media aide to the late former president Buhari, Bashir Ahmad, also posted the same pictures on the same day with the caption:

“Israelis take to the streets demanding Benjamin Netanyahu’s resignation. They want him out.”

READ: Iranian PressTV publishes misleading claim on numbers of Israeli soldiers with disability from Gaza war

As of January 14, 2026, the post had generated over 408,000 views, 3,165 reposts and more than 11,000 likes.

 

CLAIM

Pictures show Israelis currently protesting for the resignation of Benjamin Netanyahu.

 

FINDINGS

Findings by The FactCheckHub show that the claim is MISLEADING.

Image 1

The FactCheckHub subjected the image to a reverse image search, and the result led us to an article published by the BBC. The image is from major protests in Israel triggered by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s controversial judicial overhaul plans.

The unrest intensified after Netanyahu fired Defence Minister Yoav Gallant for publicly opposing the reforms, which brought tens of thousands of people onto the streets on Saturday, March 12, 2023, in cities like Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.

Protesters blocked highways, held large demonstrations, and expressed deep concern over the direction of the country’s political system and threats to democratic norms.

Image 2

The FactCheckHub subjected the image to reverse image search, and the result traced back to NBC News reports. The image shows a protest regarding the Israel–Hamas war, which happened on Sunday, September 1, 2024.  The protest focuses on hostage negotiations and ceasefire efforts.

A screenshot of the image  on NBC news showing protesters gather to demand a hostage deal Sunday in Tel Aviv. Amir Levy / Getty Images

According to NBC news, the protesters who are demonstrating in Tel Aviv blame Netanyahu for prioritising his own political survival over a cease-fire deal that would safely bring the hostages home.

Image 3

According to Al Jazeera, the image shows huge crowds rallying in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and other cities on 15 July 2023, with organisers pledging further ‘days of disruption’ against Prime Minister Netanyahu’s legislative push to overhaul the country’s judicial system.

A screenshot of photo of  on Reuters showing the Israeli protesters take part in a demonstration against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his nationalist coalition government’s judicial overhaul, in Tel Aviv, Israel July 15, 2023 [Oren Alon/ Reuters]
Protesters specifically reacted to a bill aimed at stripping the Supreme Court of its “reasonableness” oversight.

Image 4

The FactCheckHub subjected the image to reverse image search, and the result showed that the image captured by Associated Press depicts a protest aimed at demanding the immediate release of hostages held by Hamas in the Gaza Strip and against the firing of the government’s top gatekeepers, in Tel Aviv, Israel, March 22, 2025.

 

A screenshot of the image showing the protest demanding the immediate release of hostages held by Hamas in the Gaza Strip and against the firing of the government’s top gatekeepers, in Tel Aviv, Israel, March 22, 2025. (AP/Ohad Zwigenberg)

READ ALSO: Israel Gaza war: Claim that Nigeria is supporting Iran, Palestine is misleading!

VERDICT

The claim that the pictures show Israelis recently protesting against the administration of Benjamin Netanyahu is MISLEADING. The pictures were taken during the previous protests demanding the immediate release of all the remaining hostages held by Hamas.

IFCN condemns US visa bans on fact-checkers, others

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THE International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) at the Poynter Institute has condemned the United States government’s recent decision to deny visas to individuals, including Fact-checkers, European public officials and civil society leaders, describing the move as a threat to free expression and democratic values.

In a statement issued on Wednesday, the IFCN stated that the visa denials, reportedly including the blacklisting of individuals involved in information integrity and digital governance, amount to censorship and political retaliation.

The five Europeans named according to National Public Radio are: Imran Ahmed, chief executive of the Centre for Countering Digital Hate; Josephine Ballon and Anna-Lena von Hodenberg, leaders of HateAid, a German organisation; Clare Melford, who runs the Global Disinformation Index; and former EU Commissioner Thierry Breton, who was responsible for digital affairs.

The Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, described the individuals as “radical” activists and “weaponised” nongovernmental organisations, which fell afoul of a new visa policy announced in May to restrict the entry of foreigners deemed responsible for censoring protected speech in the United States.

However, IFCN said those affected were being targeted for their professional roles in combating misinformation and upholding public access to credible information.

According to the IFCN, the individuals sanctioned include fact-checkers, researchers, and trust and safety professionals whose work aligns with laws enacted by democratic governments, including the European Union’s Digital Services Act.

The group stressed that their activities, ranging from exposing coordinated disinformation to defending the public’s right to reliable information, should not be construed as censorship or national security threats.

“The pursuit of accuracy is not a hostile act; it is a vital service to the public record,” the IFCN said, warning that portraying fact-checkers and researchers as security risks mirrors tactics commonly used by authoritarian regimes to suppress independent media.

The organisation said it is conducting a formal assessment of how the visa restrictions affect the ability of fact-checking journalists and researchers to work without fear of political retaliation.

It also announced plans to expand legal and safety support for fact-checkers facing harassment or unwarranted scrutiny as a result of their work.

Calling for an immediate reversal of the policy, the IFCN urged the U.S. government to uphold free expression by protecting those committed to facts, transparency, and the rule of law, noting that democratic societies depend on the ability of independent professionals to operate without intimidation.

World Economic Forum names misinformation, disinformation among top global risk

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THE World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2026 (WEF) has confirmed that misinformation and disinformation continue to rank among the world’s most severe global risks.

In the report published by WEF on Wednesday, January 14, 2026, misinformation and disinformation were ranked second among the most severe global risks among short-term risks, surpassed only by Geoeconomic confrontation.

This places false and misleading information ahead of numerous economic, environmental, and security-related threats in the short term.

The report reflects responses from over 1,300 global leaders and experts across academia, business, government, international organizations and civil society, surveyed under the Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS). The survey was released ahead of the annual gathering of CEO and world leaders in Davos, Switzerland.

The report situated misinformation and disinformation within a broader category of largely unchecked technological risks. Advances in artificial intelligence, automation, and digital platforms have expanded access to powerful tools capable of producing and amplifying false information at scale.

Misinformation and disinformation were a growing concern in the digital space, as the integrity of online news and information came under increasing strain.

Advancement in technology made it more difficult to distinguish between authentic content and synthetic material, including manipulated videos, audio recordings and written texts.

At the same time, the widespread use of social media continued to reshape how people access and interpret information, gradually reducing reliance on traditional sources such as government institutions, academia and the mainstream media.

The WEF’s Managing Director Saadia Zahidi said the report “offers an early warning system as the age of competition compounds global risks, from geoeconomic confrontation to unchecked technology to rising debt, and changes our collective capacity to address them. But none of these risks are a foregone conclusion.”

Zahidi’s words gave hope despite the negative outlook, noting:

“It is also clear that new forms of global cooperation are already unfolding even amid competition, and the global economy is demonstrating resilience in the face of uncertainty.”

Amidst the uncertainty, the annual meeting is set to address the global issues, priorities and cooperation.

The report assessed global risks across three timeframes: the immediate term (2026), the short-to-medium term (to 2028), and the long term (to 2036).

Global risks ranked by severity.
Global risks ranked by severity.

The top risks were generally categorised by time horizon as their urgency and severity shift over time. In the long term, defined as a 10-year outlook, environmental risks remain at the top of the ranking.

Extreme weather events are classified as the first, followed by biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse, critical change to Earth systems and misinformation and disinformation, which ranked fourth.

Old video of Fubara saying Rivers assembly members do not exist resurfaces online 

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A video showing the governor of Rivers State, Siminalayi Fubara, stating that the members of the state assembly do not exist have resurfaced online, with a claim that it shows the governor’s comment amid a renewed political crisis in the state. 

An X user, @novieverest posted the video with a caption: 

“Sim Fubara is now talking like an APC Governor.

The ability to be demonic and Indaboski bahoose war mood. What cards does Wike have left? Lessons.” 

READ : Did Tinubu order reinstatement of Fubara?

The post has generated over 200 reposts and more than 800 likes as of January 13, 2026. 

Another X user, Lere Olayinka posted the video with a caption : 

“Fubara to Rivers assembly members: I determine your existence, I can de-recognise you.

Those group of men who claim that are Assembly members are not Assembly members, they are not existing. I want it to be on record. I accepted that Peace Accord to give them a floating. That is the truth. 

These are people that were eating in my house, these are people I have helped paid their children’s school fees when I wasn’t even a governor. So, what is the thing there? Their existence is me allowing them to exist. If I de-recognise them, they are nowhere.” 

The post has generated over 300 reposts and more than 1,000 likes as of January 13, 2026. 

CLAIM 

Video shows recent Fubara’s comment on the River’s political crisis.

 

THE FINDINGS 

Findings by The FactCheckHub show that the claim is MISLEADING. 

Rivers State has been enmeshed in a prolonged political crisis stemming from a power struggle between Governor Siminalayi Fubara and his predecessor, Nyesom Wike, who currently serves as Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). 

The conflict, which became public shortly after Fubara assumed office in May 2023, reflects deep fractures within the state’s political elite and the ruling Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). At the heart of the crisis is a contest over political control, loyalty, and influence within the state government and the Rivers State House of Assembly.

Tensions escalated in October 2023 when lawmakers perceived to be loyal to Wike initiated impeachment proceedings against Governor Fubara, accusing him of gross misconduct. The move triggered widespread unrest, including the burning of the Rivers State House of Assembly complex under unclear circumstances. 

The governor responded by suspending several officials and restructuring parts of the state government, while a faction of the Assembly declared seats vacant and aligned itself with opposing political interests. The crisis soon drew national attention, prompting President Bola Tinubu to intervene and broker a fragile peace agreement in December 2023, which included reinstating lawmakers and restoring political calm.

READ ALSO : No! Photo does not show Rivers’ INEC Commissioner wearing Tinubu’s cap

Despite the presidential intervention, the truce proved short-lived. Political hostilities have resurfaced this year with parallel legislative sittings, court battles, and continued accusations from both camps. 

However, checks by The FactCheckHub show that the video circulating does not accurately reflect Fubara’s recent comment. The video has been online since May 2024. An earlier version was posted by BBC pidgin on May 7, 2024.

In the video, Fubara told a visiting delegation from Bayelsa State led by former Governor Seriake Dickson that there is no House of Assembly in the state, a statement that suggests the collapse of the peace deal brokered by President Bola Tinubu.

The delegation, which included political and traditional rulers from Bayelsa State, paid Governor Fubara a courtesy visit at Government House, Port Harcourt.

“Let me say it here, those group of men who claim that they are assembly members, they are not existing. I want it to be on record,”Fubara said. 

Fubara declared that the state has no house of assembly that he accepted the peace deal to give the lawmakers a “floating”.

“I accepted that peace accord to give them a floating. That’s the truth. There is nothing in that peace accord that is a constitutional issue. It is a political solution to a problem. I accepted it because these are people that were visiting me and we were together in my house.

“These are people that I have helped… in many ways when I wasn’t even a governor. Yes, we might have our disagreements, but I believe that one day, we could also come together. That was the reason I did it.

“But I think it has gotten to a time when I need to make a statement on this thing, so that they understand that they are not existing. Their existence and whatever they have been doing is because I allowed them to do so. If I don’t recognise them, they are nowhere, that is the truth,” Governor Fubara said.

The video was before the renewed crisis in the state. 

VERDICT 

The claim that the video shows Fubara recently saying that the state assembly does not exist in the state is MISLEADING. The video has been online since 2024. 

Video does NOT show Kwankwaso “begging” Obi for VP ticket ahead of 2027 election

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A video circulating on social media claims to show the National Leader of the New Nigeria Peoples Party, Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso, begging the 2023 presidential candidate, Peter Obi, to grant him the Vice Presidential ticket for the 2027 general election.

The 3:29-seconds clip shows Kwankwaso speaking at a caucus meeting with NNPP members and supporters.

An X user @AdcNews_ posted the video with the caption:

READ: Kwankwaso did NOT delete X post reacting to Trump’s comment

“I will accept VP ticket to Obi. PhD Kwankwaso begs.”

As of January 12, 2026, the video had garnered over 314,000 views, 1,254 reposts and more than 5,372 likes.

CLAIM

Video shows Kwankwaso begging Peter Obi for the Vice-presidential ticket ahead of the 2027 election.

THE FINDINGS

A review of the video by The FactCheckHub researcher found no instance where Rabiu Kwankwaso begged to become Obi’s vice-presidential running mate.

Further, a keyword search conducted by The FactCheckHub led to news reports by Punch and PM News, which provided context to Kwankwaso’s remarks in the video.

Kwankwaso, who was speaking to members and supporters of the New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) during a Kwankwasiyya gathering at his residence on Miller Road, Kano, dismissed claims of any conspiracy and outlined conditions under which he would consider political alliances.

He explained that previous political decisions were shaped by circumstances at the time but said the current state of the nation requires unity and collective action to tackle its challenges.

READ ALSO:Photo showing Kwankwaso wearing Tinubu’s trademark cap is photoshopped

“But now we are talking about the issue of our dear country. So we have to unite so we can become successful,” Kwankwaso said.

“We are hoping to form a coalition with another party, be it NNPP or any other party. But what we want is a party that will agree that I, Kwankwaso, will be either the number one (President) or the number two (Vice President).”

Obi was the Labour Party’s presidential candidate in the 2023 general election. At the time, speculation emerged that Kwankwaso might serve as his running mate. Kwankwaso, however, publicly rejected the claim, citing his political seniority and academic credentials.

VERDICT

The claim that the video shows Kwankwaso begging Peter Obi is false and MISLEADING.